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Medicina: 11 mln italiani con reflusso gastroesofageo, costi alle stelle

E' un vero e proprio esercito quello degli italiani con malattia da reflusso gastroesofageo (Mrge). I connazionali con bruciore alla bocca dello stomaco, rigurgito ed esofagite sono 11 milioni, "dunque la malattia ha una prevalenza di ben il 18% nel nostro Paese", rileva Marcello Tonini, docente di scienze forensi e farmacotossicologiche all'università di pavia . L'occasione è la presentazione, oggi a Roma, di uno studio internazionale che ha indagato i costi della malattia in sei Paesi: Italia, Francia, germania , Gran bretagna , Spagna e Svezia. E che ha visto lavorare insieme medici ed economisti. Lo studio ha analizzato l'impatto of GERD on quality of life of sufferers, but also the economic aspects of the disease. Both direct and indirect costs related to lost workdays or low productivity, due to the disease. GERD, in fact, 'burning' on average 5.7 hours per week, as much as a headache and more of osteoarthritis (4.8 hours), allergies (4.1) and hypertension (3.3). But to go up in smoke are also needed to treat €, both good and bad. Based on the analysis economist at the University of Barcelona (Spain) Josep Darbo, "every patient costs an average of € 242 for drugs, 74 for any hospitalizations and 26 to the time spent by doctors visits. The which means that Italy spends 3 billion and 443 million euro in direct medical costs. "What's more, absenteeism in the workplace adds a billion to the bill. and this was set as the presence the desk but not 100% of its ability, it adds another 4 billion and 400 million. In short, astonishing figures which must be added to the resources expended on account of bad treatment is not appropriate to the needs of the patient, who resolved in the wrong drugs, hospitalization, and worsening of conditions which may lead to more serious and costly diseases including Barrett's esophagus or esophageal adenocarcinoma. Hence the need, Tonini stresses, "a proper diagnosis and especially the right care for the patient's needs. The drugs now available, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) that reduce stomach acid, are five. But the best effects are obtained with the two next-generation: the esomeprazole and pantoprazole. It 'clear - he adds - that these two molecules will be the first choice for patients with more complicated forms or less easy to treat. Even though they cost more ". The pharmacologist aimed strong criticism in this regard to the regions that have introduced restrictive decisions that, by including the reference price, in effect limiting their access to medicines to all patients for whom would indicated. "In regions without the reference price - continues Tonini - esomeprazole and pantoprazole absorb 24% of the market Ipp, while the other (Lazio, Sicily, Puglia, Sardinia , Liguria, Abruzzo, Molise and Calabria) the figure is only 11%. The resolutions - he concludes - were also criticized by the Italian Drug Agency (AIFA), who admitted the existence of substantial differences, and a problem to be addressed. " (Reuters)

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Medicina: fibromialgia in rosa, male incompreso per 2 mln italiani

At first glance appear healthy, but actually suffer a 360 degrees, body aches and relentless, combined with fatigue, irritable bowel syndrome, abnormal sensitivity to multiple body parts, loss of memory, difficulty concentrating and even anxiety or depression in one out of four. They are sick misunderstood fibromyalgia, a chronic disease that affects 2 million Italians, nine times out of 10 women. Patients who are at risk long odyssey from doctor to doctor, and that before being recognized are often forced to live with the unstinting the label 'sick imagination'. Why to diagnose fibromyalgia, there are no specific tests for now. A spotlight on this state is still mysterious, possibly caused by a 'tilt' of the neurological circuitry that lowers the threshold of tolerance to pain, is a dedicated brochure from Onda (National Observatory on women's health) to all Italian. Announced today in Milan Municipality, the handbook can also be downloaded online by clicking at www.ondaosservatorio.it. "Although it may look like a joint disease - said Pier Carlo Sarzi Puttini, director of the hospital complex of Rheumatology Sacco of Milan - not arthritis and fibromyalgia does not cause joint deformity. It is a form of extra-articular rheumatism or soft tissue. This lack of changes in laboratory tests can not identify it. The diagnosis depends on the symptoms that the patient reports, and this can lead to consider 'imaginary' or unimportant. Of course it is not so. " And to handle the severity of the symptoms that warn, these patients have often also need psychological support. Or rather an "approach 'biopsychosocial' - said Riccardo Torta, associate professor of Clinical Psychology and Director of the Complex of Clinical Psychology and cancer of the San Giovanni Battista-Molinette The University of Turin - which must take into account the physical component, emotional and relational "for each patient. "For several years - remember the president of Wave, Francesca Merzagora - in the scientific world is increasingly highlighted the observation that many of the diseases that involve chronic pain tend to have a higher incidence in females. Among these has a particular relevance to the Fibromyalgia, which is therefore a priority for our Observatory. "Over the past 10 years, showed a note, fibromyalgia has been better defined by studies that have established guidelines for the diagnosis." Although the physical examination (visit) is usually normal and people can appear healthy - Sarzi Puttini points - a close examination of their muscles reveals the presence of painful areas in specific locations. "Not all doctors know about fibromyalgia, the expert adds, but" the majority of rheumatologists know how to perform the evaluation of 'tender points 'to arrive at a diagnosis. "Yet, often people with fibromyalgia" are subjected to many tests, and are seen by many specialists and are looking for an answer on the cause of their illness - said Merzagora - Questo porta a paura e frustrazione, che può aumentare la percezione del dolore". Di questi pazienti "viene spesso detto che, poiché obiettivamente non hanno nulla e gli esami risultano nella norma, non hanno una reale malattia. I familiari, gli amici e il medico di famiglia possono quindi dubitare dell'esistenza di tali disturbi, aumentando l'isolamento, i sensi di colpa e la rabbia nei pazienti" che per il dolore a volte non riescono neppure a lavorare o a coltivare i rapporti sociali. Da qui il ruolo cruciale dell'informazione, ai pazienti e agli operatori sanitari. Parola di esperti, questi malati richiedono più attenzione e un approccio multidisciplinare che coinvolga il terapista della riabilitazione e occupazionale, il reumatologo o lo psychologist. The strategy must be double action. "The frequent overlap of anxiety, depression and chronic stress in painful symptoms, including fibromyalgia - continues Cake - explains why the use of antidepressants and psychotherapy: the first to act on the components of cognitive, behavioral and relational invested by suffering, the second not only to act on the mood, but in particular to address the painful part - says the specialist - to which these drugs exert a direct action of containment "he says. But support groups, publications and Internet sites are important 'allies' for many of these patients. Because often you do not know è soli può essere già di per sé un aiuto prezioso. Molti malati di fibromialgia migliorano e sono in grado di convivere con la propria condizione in maniera soddisfacente, assicurano i medici. Urge però una migliore comprensione delle cause e dei fattori che possono aggravare o rendere cronica questa patologia, così come sono auspicabili una migliore terapia farmacologica e la possibilità di fare prevenzione. (Adnkronos Salute)

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TUMORI: MELANOMA, STUDIO ITALIANO SVELA GENE IMPUTATO

Melanoma cutaneo, è tutta colpa del sole? E' convinto di no Simone Mocellin, ricercatore del Dipartimento di Scienze oncologiche e chirurgiche dell'università di Padova. In una metanalisi pubblicata su 'Cancer', Mocellin e colleghi dimostrano infatti che in oltre 9% of cases of melanoma, there is a direct correspondence between a particular polymorphism of the gene for the vitamin D receptor and the development of melanoma. The Padua team examined five variants of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), and showed that the polymorphism BSML is responsible for 9.2% of cases of melanoma. This figure takes into account the incidence of this cancer in the Caucasian population and the frequency of that particular polymorphism in the same population. "Certainly, the environmental factor most at risk for developing melanoma is sunburn - Mocellin precise - but as the sun activates the vitamin D, if this occurs without sunburn is even protective against melanoma." At present, it is possible to identify the population carries the polymorphism BSML only through sophisticated analysis in a laboratory equipped for sequencing DNA, for which a genetic test for screening the general population is not yet feasible.

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OTTENUTE CELLULE 'BAMBINE' DA DENTI DEL GIUDIZIO

stem cells from wisdom teeth of a young girl of just 10 years. To succeed in a team of Japanese researchers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST). The so-called wisdom teeth, then, could be a potential source of stem cells to create 'child', thus overcoming the ethical conflicts on the use of embryos. Although, state scholars led by Hajime Ogushi, will take at least five years before the results of this important research can be transferred and used routinely in medical practice. The researchers of the Nipponese Aist, heard by the agency France Press, said they found in the wisdom teeth of small stem cells can differentiate into other cell types. Capacity, this, that makes the embryo very 'attractive' in the search for cures for incurable diseases. The stem samples were grown in the laboratory for over a month. Two potential benefits, states Ogushi. "On the one hand - he explains - we can overcome or ethical conflicts of using embryos. The wisdom teeth are destined to be thrown away anyway, so there will be some objection to their use. In addition, the teeth used in our experiment were taken three years ago and stored in the freezer. This means that it is easy to make a 'stock' to serve as a source of stem cells, a potentially valuable source for research. "In the past, Japanese scholars were surprised by their findings in this field. Last year, for example, a 'Nipponese team of scientists announced it had created stem cells from the skin.

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DIABETE: IL RICERCATORE, FRA POCHI ANNI PANCREAS ARTIFICIALE

may be just around the corner of the artificial pancreas. Word of several international researchers working on this body, believing that in the near future Artificial pancreas could change life with diabetes. According to Roman Hovorka of the University of Cambridge (UK), who is testing some experimental devices, the mechanical pancreas could go to the hospital in a few years. Reducing the need for insulin injections and blood tests from the fingers in patients with diabetes. "I think that we're on the threshold of a first-generation artificial pancreas," said the scholar speaking at a meeting of the U.S. National Institutes of Health, held recently in Bethesda (USA).

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OBESITA': PER DIMAGRIRE ALMENO UN'ORA DI SPORT 5 GIORNI A SETTIMANA

Half an hour of sport five days a week is good for health. But weight loss is not enough: if you want to lose at least 10% of their body weight and maintain the new line, you need to move at least one hour every day, except weekends. To prepare the recipe with the right mix of calories and physical activity to get back into shape, especially dedicated to women, is a study by the University of Pittsburgh (USA) appeared in the journal 'Archives of Internal Medicine'. A group of 200 women wanting to lose weight was recommended a diet of 1200-1500 calories per day and three different programs, increasing the intensity of sporting activity. After the search, after six months, if all participants were able to lose 10% of their initial weight, only those who had made sport for at least 275 minutes per week had kept the result. "All this - the authors show - demonstrates in order to maintain their health is sufficient to move half an hour a day, but if you want to throw down the extra pounds should strive a bit 'more. "

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Salute: notti in bianco, chat e drink regalano peso alle ragazzine

Bad girls go to heaven, but if they are adolescents at risk of being left with a few extra pounds. It seems, in fact, that even the sleepless nights spent chatting on the Internet, too much drink and passion for the Internet leads many girls to gain weight. To investigate the enemies of the adolescents is a study published in the 'Journal of Pediatrics' and led by Catherine Berkey and colleagues from Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Washington University, on more than 5,000 teenagers between 14 and 21 of the United States. Well, the researchers found that more time spent on the Internet, more alcohol and less sleep, resulting in a weight gain for young women. In particular, to put on weight more than the other are the 'over 18' spirits who consume more than two a week, or less than 6 hours sleep per night, and most importantly are passionate about the Web. A lifestyle that threatens to give the girls, on average, 2 pounds more per year. In short, the researchers say it is good to warn the young against these new dangers for the line, 'daughters' of a modern lifestyle. Also because these bad habits can increase gradually weight, without which neither directly from the participants nor the parents, understand why.

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Salute: fertilita' a rischio per uomini obesi o diabetici

are slim hopes to become a father if the intended parent has to deal with extra pounds or diabetes. Two studies presented in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bwhere he is currently the 24th Congress of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), emphasize the risks to male fertility caused by excess sugar and obesity. "The obese men - clarifies Ghiyath Shayeb, University of Aberdeen - if they want to keep holding her own child must first take the lead in losing weight, why are so many more that need to take the pounds dietro - aggiunge - minore sarà la quantità e la qualità di liquido seminale prodotto e alta la percentuale di anomalie negli spermatozoi". Le conclusioni dello studio scozzese sono suffragate dall’analisi dei dati raccolti tra 5.316 uomini che si erano rivolti in precedenza a centri per la fecondazione assistita. Di questi 2.037 hanno fornito tutte le informazioni personali, comprese quelle sul proprio indice di massa corporea. Quindi, gli scienziati hanno diviso gli aspiranti papà in quattro gruppi, da quelli sottopeso a quelli fortemente sovrappeso. E dopo aver standardizzando i dati 'depurandoli' dagli altri possibili fattori che incidono sulla fertilità - come il fumo, l'abitudine all'alcol, l'età o il tempo di astinenza prima the transfer of seminal fluid - have discovered the role of weight in determining the quality of sperm. "The men in the group outlined the parameters of normal weight - reveals Shayeb - were those with the greatest amount of seed, and the standard of quality." The second study, of Queen's University Belfast reveals instead as "diabetes Corrupted the DNA of sperm. So much so that - explained by Mallidis - increasing the number of diabetics in age 'youth coincided with the rise in male infertility" . The scientist explains that the damage caused by the excessive presence of sugar in the body are reflected at the molecular level. By studying samples of semen taken in men undergoing insulin therapy, infatti, Mallidis ha scoperto che "all’esame con il microscopio le differenze tra uomini diabetici e sani sono lievi, ma se si analizza il Dna il quadro diventa un altro, con numerose anomalie proprio nel sistema di 'riparazione' del codice genetico, dunque del Rna. Soprattutto si osserva una diminuzione di una proteina responsabile della produzione della sperminina e spermidina, che regolano la crescita delle cellule e stabilizzano il Dna. E allo stesso tempo aumentano invece i livelli di un composto, nel tratto riproduttivo maschile, legato alla presenza degli zuccheri e in grado di daneggiare il Dna", conclude lo scienziato.

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Salute: fertilita' a rischio per fumatrici over30 e in carne, amanti caffe' e drink

Emancipazione femminile nemica del desiderio di diventare mamma. E' questo il dilemma 'in rosa' once again emerge from the 24th Congress of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE), being held in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bSpain. While fertility problems affect more and more often too, it remains clear that the Western lifestyle and ambitions of motherhood do not get along. Coffee and alcohol, for example, reduce the fertility of women who already have trouble conceiving a child naturally. But 'under attack' end also alcohol, cigarette smoke and the extra pounds. A Dutch study of Radboud University, presented at the meeting, reveals as 4 cups of coffee are enough to cut by more than one quarter (26%) chances of becoming pregnant. The research, conducted on 9,000 women showed that the same failure rates are attributable to how many are given a few alcoholic drinks three times a week. But over coffee and cigarettes and alcohol are overweight, can reduce flicker in the hopes of motherhood to a low 5% for women 36 years and have him smoke a few extra pounds. Apart from indulging in too much coffee and alcohol. Evidence also emphasizes Andrea Borini, gynecologist and scientific director of Reproductive Tecnobios that according to his experience shows as "overweight is the number one enemy of ovulation, and also the probability of completing a pregnancy. Blame for hypertension, gestosis and diabetes. So that every gynecologist should seriously suggest to the patient with a few extra pounds to lose weight before becoming pregnant groped. "Smoking is just as bad" because - remember the Italian doctor - damages the tissue of the fallopian tubes. "But a little 'attention also be paid to age, true barometer of ability to become mothers. "The chances of becoming pregnant - revealed Borini - will reach its peak around 20 years, when it stood at around 30% for each report in the fertile period. More generally - plus - 70% of ventennni able to get pregnant within six months. A further 15% next year while the remaining 15% of infertility problems at this age. " But things get complicated quickly. Even at 30 years, "the odds of getting pregnant now dropped to 20%, before falling rapidly," said the gynecologist.

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Il caffe' allunga la vita. Fino a 6 tazzine al giorno diminuiscono i rischi di malattie cardiache e tumori soprattutto nelle donne

The coffee 'lengthens life. This was revealed in a U.S. study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. Up to six cups a day, ensure U.S. researchers hired by the National Health Institutesof, help protect the heart. "It 's not true - they say that coffee-', with or without caffeine increases your chances' die. But even prolongs life for both men and women," says the team coordinated by Esther Lopez-Garcia, analizzatoi has data on 84,214 women and 41,736 men. All the beginning of big-study, without heart disease or cancer, and followed from 1980 until 2004. Numbers in hand, researchers have verified that the effettisi unfold more clearly in women. 2:00 to 3:00 if they drink cups of coffee 'a day, the lovers of this beverage are reduced by 25% chance' of dying from heart disease than those who do not drink coffee at all '. And the cups also reveal a protective effect against other diseases, reducing the mortality generel'incidenza '18%. For men, the same dose of coffee ', however, does not change the odds' delcuore disease, cancer or otherwise. So it is not 'good will' hurt. Each study participant during the long observation period was completed, at regular intervals, a questionnaire in which they were recorded in their habits: How much coffee 'was consumed, but also the type of diet followed, or not in the habit of smoking and other possible behaviors that could affect the status of health. After separating the data from the possible influences of other risk factors, and 'then emerged that the coffee' is a protective factor or at most 'neutral'. "But certainly no worse than the state of health or rischidi death, as is often 'been said," the scientists point out, for which after-effect of coffee' pero'uno there would be characteristic of the ingredients of the drink, ie 'the caffeine,' cause the same beneficial effects that are found to be drunk the traditional drink, which the caffeine. Hence, there is yet to be ascertained because 'a few cups a day does not hurt, indeed.

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Cannabis: uso frequente 'restringe' aree cervello di memoria ed emozioni

Smoking marijuana is often too 'narrow' the brain. This alarm of Australian researchers from the University of Melbourne, that a prolonged and frequent use of cannabis leads to a real shrinkage of certain brain areas. And especially those delegated to the memory, emotion and aggression. The discovery came by comparing the images of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging taken at the brains of 15 marijuana smokers, who consumed at least five joints a day for 10 years, and others who do not had ever used cannabis. In particular, the hippocampus, the 'central' memory and feeling, was smaller on average by 12%. While the amygdala that 'manages' anger and aggression had a volume of less than 7.1%. Because marijuana users were all moderate drinkers of alcohol, and had used other drugs more than 10 times in 10 years taken into account "the effects on the brain are directly attributable to cannabis," sentenced to the scientists, writers of a study published on the Archives of General Psychiatry. And the consequences of brain shrinkage were certified by the researchers, through the memory test, which showed that smokers of cannabis have a short memory and long-term worse than others. "Although the sample of marijuana users had a mean age of 39 years, the memory performance of 55-were those aged over 60," says study coordinator, Murat Yucel. What's more, warns the psychiatrist: "These people are more prone to psychotic symptoms such as paranoia or social isolation." And to further clarify the direct relationship between cannabis smoking and effects on brain volume, the scientists stressed that "the more one uses marijuana, the greater the effect of brain shrinkage."

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Tumori: l'esperta, occhio a dieta nemica del seno

E 'lots of butter, carbohydrates (bread and pasta), fat animals and refined sugars in the diet of the enemy within. "All foods that make up the glycemic index and are now linked to an increased risk of cancer." He explains Daniela Terrible, breast specialist surgeon at the Policlinico Gemelli in Rome, telling Adnkronos Salute how these assumptions have been confirmed by observation of what happens to women of oriental origin, transplanted in the West. "It 's well known that Asia is less affected by breast cancer. But when they move in Western countries - continues the specialist - the situation changes." So much so that their children lose the 'shield' mother. "The incidence of breast cancer in successive generations - continues the surgeon - is similar to that recorded among Western women. This made us think of a key role in lifestyle, especially eating habits. "It is no coincidence, says the expert, even looking at the Peninsula, the numbers of breast cancer are different from north to south" In north, where the diet is rich in butter and animal fat, women are more affected by this tumor to the South, more 'attached' to extra virgin olive oil and fish. "In general, according to the expert," the menu best friend turns out to be ally of the breast. Foods to limit are the same potentially harmful to cardiovascular health. "But the expert suggests to women of all ages to follow an active lifestyle." Grant breaks fresh air and exercise regularly is helpful for stress, but also for the health of the breast, "assures. Finally, eye power 'American', made with hamburger and fries, which has won the young generations of Italy. "The health effects, even the breast, are likely to be felt in the next 10 years," he cautioned.

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Salute: broccoli nel piatto per ossa sane, grazie a vitamina K

Broccoli panacea of \u200b\u200bhealth. Not only are one of the foods with more anti-cancer properties, but now it also shows friends of the bones. Accomplice to the high rate of vitamin K. This vegetable, therefore, "as well as spinach, cereals and vegetable oil - reveal two studies, both published on the Scottish and Daily Mail - increased bone density and reduce the loss of mass in postmenopausal women as you enter. "The research conducted by the University of Aberdeen on women between 49 and 54 years showed a direct relationship between high doses of vitamin k and more bone density. The 'gentlemen' of the University of Dundee have found instead that vitamins K and D along with calcium, they increase bone density. adding that "the effects can be achieved simply by choosing the right diet, without recourse in food supplements. "

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Sesso: allarme adolescenti, in aumento sifilide e clamidia

Early, uninformed, promiscuous. And increasingly at risk of sexually transmitted diseases. dermatologists warn that teenagers are Be the first to fall into the net of diseases such as chlamydia, an increase of 2% or syphilis, which hits back after years of silence, recording a slow but relentless escalation of the phenomenon. Victims ideals? They are the 'bad guy' Italian-style guys always looking for adventure of a night, regardless of the risk and 'enemies' of condoms, but at least hopelessly fascinated by the world of the high. Sex and drugs, a combination that multiplies the risks. "The use of drugs does nothing but aggravate the disease by interfering with the action of drugs," warns Mario Aricò, president of SIDEMAST (Italian Society of Dermatology medical, surgical, aesthetic and STD transmitted), which together all'Adoi scientific society (Association of Italian hospital dermatologists) is organizing in Naples, May 28 to 31, the fourth National Congress of Dermatology and Venereology unified. The phenomenon is even more serious when referring to syphilis. "In this case the drug causes problems weakened the effects of penicillin." With health consequences, related to the fact that the body has more difficulty in disposing of drugs. Experts from the SIDEMAST observed a return of this neglected disease. Syphilis, which seemed to have settled with the discovery of penicillin, is now a growing disease. Especially among young people. Currently in Italy, explains Aricò, there are 1,200 new cases. "After the surge in 2001 and 2002 - remember the dermatologist - there was a slowdown. But syphilis continues to run and this year the patients increased by 5%." A worry the experts are especially pregnant girls representing 10% of patients. A situation considered more risky, since the mothers can transmit the infection to the unborn child through the placenta. "In cases like these - Aricò continues - it is important to understand when the young man had contracted the disease to treat it promptly with appropriate treatment. If the woman became ill during the first or second month of pregnancy, the risk of infection is very high . Something must be done as soon as possible to prevent diseases important to the child: congenital syphilis was extremely severe. If no one recognizes it can lead to abortion or cause significant malformations in the fetus. "In the focus of the disease end up mainly because young people, said the expert, have lowered their guard." There is more attention to red flags . Often the physical signals are ignored, and in our department, in the dermatological clinic of the University of Palermo - report Arica - there's more and more patients with secondary-stage syphilis. "The diagnosis can be reached by about 6-8 months late. The same non-gonococcal urethritis occurs with chlamydia. Infections increasingly popular in the range of età tra i 15 e i 24 anni. L'aumento che è stato registrato quest'anno è del 2% circa. "Si tratta di patologie che possono dare problemi gravi soprattutto alla donna - avverte - perché impegnano tutto l'organo genitale. Un'infezione pelvica disseminata in soggetti immunodepressi può anche trasformarsi in setticemia". I dermatologi hanno anche problemi a capire quanti adolescenti contraggono la malattia: "I numeri che possiamo raccogliere negli ospedali non sono credibili - osserva Aricò - anche perché c'è una sacca di casi sommersi non indifferente. Spesso i ragazzi preferiscono restare nell'anonimato e si rivolgono ai propri amici, piuttosto che ricorrere all'aiuto di un medico".

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Calcolosi urinaria

La calcolosi urinary incontinence is a disease of the urinary tract that is spread to the formation of solid aggregates are urinari.Questi calculations (a kind of small stones), which is deposited in the cavities of the urinary tract, most commonly composed of calcium oxalate or acid urico.La production calculations derived from exceeding the maximum permitted concentration of salts in solution in urine, so that the salts themselves tend to aggregate to form crystals, the compacting together of the latter gives rise to the calcolo.Quando calculations are rather small in size and are located in certain positions, usually do not cause fastidi.Qualora, however, the calculation is bloat and / or migrate to areas more sensitive the symptoms of what is termed "renal colic" become one of the most painful that we can know: a sharp pain, usually intermittent, attacking side, to extend the region lombare.Non rarely, during a renal colic The patient experiences nausea, vomiting, sweating, abdominal bloating and blood in urine.La renal colic is usually treated with pain medication, and treatment of urinary stones is different depending on the seat of the calculation of its size, its presumed composition and effects on the apparatus determined by calculating urinario.Poiché calculations tend over time to increase in size (with the increasing risk of causing infections tract and sometimes irreparable damage to the kidneys), it should be taken as soon as the urologist considers that now is the momento.Le traditional surgical techniques have been almost entirely replaced by methods characterized by a minimally invasive, including the "shock wave lithotripsy extracorporeal shock wave (ESWL), which is a treatment carried out without anesthesia using a device able to crush the calculations through the issuance of special waves are also used energetiche.Assai "percutaneous renal lithotripsy (PNL) (endoscopic surgery that requires general anesthesia, performed by an optical instrument called nefoscopio) and "lithotripsy Ureteral endoscopy (endoscopic surgery, which requires spinal anesthesia, performed by an optical instrument called ureteroscope). E 'to highlight some particular types of calculations, particularly those composed of uric acid can be dissolved with the use of some drugs and fought, even in advance, with a diet low in substances that are high in uric acid (such as meat, especially fat). E 'aids, however, regularly introduce significant amounts of body fluids, particularly mineral waters, which is low in minerals.

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Per il fegato, carciofo e cardo mariano

Our digestive system is the digestive tract, beginning at the mouth and ends at the rectum, and two large outbuildings organs, liver and pancreas: they use in the production of digestive juices needed for digestion and absorption of fats, proteins and carbohydrates present in food.
and their activity is related to many factors of a physical but also chemical, such as acidity or alkalinity of foods, more or less consistent presence of fat, alcohol, etc..
is an apparatus that is in itself very complex, whose proper functioning, perhaps more than any other system, constantly influenced by the type of power. The traditional herbal medicine
allows us to use substances of plant origin capable of improving certain specific functions of this apparatus. Today we'll talk
plant more usable for their functions in the district hepato-biliary, liver and that the bile ducts, which are used to collect the bile produced by the liver and intestine to enter the arrival of food in the stretch duodenum.
plants studied and most used are two very similar morphologically, but indications are quite different from each other: the thistle and artichoke.

thistle.
milk thistle (Silybum marianum Gaertner) is a robust herb, native to the Mediterranean countries, and now actually cultivated mainly in the pharmaceutical industry and cosmetics.
The part used is represented by the result, improperly called the seed, rather than the leaves, once commonly used in folk medicine instead. The thistle is the plant par excellence that deserves the title of the much discussed hepatoprotector, improperly considered a "cleansing the liver" actually offers a real set of substances capable of protecting liver cells (hepatocytes) from the damage of various toxic substances such as alcohol, smoking, drugs, etc.. These substances belong to the category of flavolignani present in its seeds, and form a plant complex now called universally silymarin, mainly composed of three molecules (silybin, and silicristina silidianina) for which, in the liver, have been widely demonstrated with the following pharmacological properties:
· stabilization of cell membranes and lysosomal
° Effect antioxidant and radical 'scavengers'
· Scale inhibition of lipid peroxidation
· Effects Anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic
· Stimulate the glicuroconiugazione and protein biosynthesis
· acceleration of liver regeneration was also recently
ricomfermato flavolignani the role of the thistle in the treatment of toxic liver disease, chronic hepatitis , fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver and as an antidote in poisoning by Amanita phalloides (with intravenous administration of silymarin). Overall dell'epatocita silymarin improves the functionality, with a 'hepato-protective activity, anti-necrotic and lipotropic. Silymarin is now also used in cosmetics for its antioxidant properties and eudermic.
The important recommendation is to not use the extracts of milk thistle as tea dry extract or tincture of alcohol, but in the form of silymarin, a plant complex that is purified, also available in several preparations of trade and real medicinal products.

Artichoke.
Contrary to the findings of Artichoke (Cynara scolymus) using the plant's leaves and fruit, usually valued as a vegetable. E 'common opinion that the artichoke is the ideal plant to treat and protect the liver, but scientific research and clinical use have instead shown that his statements are particularly suitable in disorders of the bile ducts of the liver parenchyma rather than real.
The most important chemical constituents are represented by the polyphenols (flavonoids, tannins and chlorogenic acid derivatives), polyacetylene, sterols, organic acids, mineral salts and volatile aromatic components. Today we also know that cynarin, once regarded as the active ingredient of the artichoke, in reality is not present in the plant, but is formed only during the drying process.
The actual pharmacological properties attributed to the Artichoke, check with animal studies, are:
· choleretic
· diuretic
· However, no lipid-lowering
verification and confirmation with studies on 'man (and humans sick) for properties hepatoprotective, anthelmintic, oxytocic, antibacterial and antiviral. All pharmacological activities that have been well tested in vitro or in animals. As well as missing
Studies on the purification of the artichoke in patients with renal failure, skin diseases, itching from the psoriasis, dall'orticaria the spots, all indications were found instead a claim in popular belief.
Artichoke extracts can then be rationally used to thin the bile and improve the functional dyspeptic subject, activate the hepatic catabolism of cholesterol and reduce the risk of gallstones. While
dyes and herbal preparations are old, and also love the title, you should use instead the use of standardized dried extracts. The Artichoke is also present in Pharmacopoeia.
appropriately prescribed by a doctor these two plants can then be used in the prevention or treatment of disorders of the liver disease, respectively (thistle) and biliary (Artichoke). www.naturamedica.net

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Il primo mese di Vita..

Saturday, May 17 our staff has taken the first month of life, we thank all our friends who have shared in this first month with us the information and news on this blog. Thanks

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Esofagite e reflusso gastroesofageo

Esophagitis is a disease of the digestive system which, especially in recent decades, is spreading at an alarming rate, especially in the West, until you hit a nearly three-Italian, mostly women and ranging in age about sixty years, although often occurs during pregnancy or in infants. As shown in the Greek etymology of the word, esophagitis is an inflammation in esophagus, ie the channel, through a valve called the "cardia", allows the passage of food into the stomach. More specifically, it comes true every time on esophagitis esophageal mucosa can be traced, with appropriate tests (including today should be assigned a leading role at gastroscopy), injuries of varying severity, ranging from small wounds to erosions and ulcers in size also very worrying. The lesions are caused by material carried from the corrosive acid that, for a malfunction of the cardia, dates from the stomach into the esophagus. When, in fact, just above the valve does not close immediately after the transit food, a part of it, together with gastric juices and acids produced by the stomach to aid digestion dates back into the esophagus, an organ that does not have systems that can neutralize and render harmless these substances and corrosive acid. The causes that determine the onset of the disease may be different and their real impact has not yet been proven in a scientific way, it has been proved, however, that may be caused by infection, radiation therapy, by repeated use of certain types of drugs (a type of analgesic), from poisoning by intake of caustic substances by the presence of hiatal hernia or abuse of irritating substances such as alcohol, tobacco, coffee, chocolate or fatty foods too. The factor that causes esophagitis with a greater statistical frequency of any other cause, however, is the "gastroesophageal reflux", a widespread disease that, in approximately 40% of cases, is associated with actual or esophagitis As mentioned, a actual injury along the wall of the esophagus. As for the typical symptoms of esophagitis, heartburn are those characteristic sternum and a sense of acidity, which starts from the pit of the stomach and spreads to the mouth, where, immediately after a meal, you may experience the phenomena of reflux of bile and gastric juices, and ascent to a portion of food along the esophagus. Often repeated belching cause spasms that often stimulate regurgitation of acid substances. In some cases, are also found less typical symptoms such as chest pain, difficulty swallowing and even events such as chronic cough, laryngitis, ear bleeding or discomfort. To prevent reflux of gastric juice through the valve is sufficient, often, change accordingly, so that the lifestyle: stop smoking, avoid foods and spicy condiments, or at least irritating seen before, and chew your food slowly , preferring a few meals not excessive. And 'advisable, then, do not lie down immediately after a meal, especially if abundant, and, conversely, walking too short to help digestion. We must not wear girdles or tight clothing at the waist or lifting weights or do, however, continued efforts with the torso forward, which would further increase pressure on the abdomen and then the return of food to the mouth. For individuals who experience more severe symptoms after dinner, is usually of great help to raise the head of the bed a few inches, so that the torso is slightly higher than the lower limbs. If the adoption of preventive precautions mentioned can not alone solve the problem, the doctor usually prescribes certain drugs that tend to reduce the reflux or make it safe for mucous membranes of the esophagus. The medicines most used today are the so-called "proton pump inhibitors, which tend to decrease the production of gastric juices, while less frequently used is the so-called" Prokinetic "substances such as metoclopramide, domperidone and levosulpiride, which improves the tone and thus the operation of the cardia, the valve that allows the proper flow of food and regular emptying of the stomach. The milder drugs, used for the most part, when the disease is not serious, are the so-called "antacids," which reduce the corrosive power of bile and acidity. It will be the specialist to determine whether taking a drug is necessary only when necessary or even very long periods. Even when drug therapy works, we can only be remedied by surgery, which has the main purpose of affixing an artificial barrier height of the cardia, to prevent gastroesophageal reflux, the most common methods of plastic to there is now one called "Dor" or to "Nissen-Rossetti." In conclusion, the emphasis on the possible complications due to esophagitis is not treated in time. First, the scars left from wounds along the esophagus may be a source of a narrowing of the esophagus, namely the so-called "stenosis" malattia piuttosto grave dell’apparato digerente. Ma la complicanza più temibile che, peraltro, sopravviene ben nel 10% circa dei casi di esofagite, è il c.d. “esofago di Barrett”. Quest’ultima patologia si verifica allorché le cellule che compongono la parete dell’esofago, per tentare di difendersi dagli attacchi degli acidi gastrici, mutano la loro essenza fino a trasformarsi in cellule che, similmente a quelle che compongono lo stomaco, sono capaci di neutralizzare e rendere inoffensive le sostanze biliari. Tale modificazione cellulare, tuttavia, è una condizione preoccupante perché aumenta sensibilmente il rischio di tumori all’esofago.

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Salute: lo studio, parlare piu' lingue fa bene al cervello

Via libera a tate straniere, asili multilingue e vacanze studio all'estero. Imparare a parlare idiomi diversi da quello del Paese nativo fa bene alla salute, almeno a quella della mente. Conoscere e 'masticare' lingue diverse mantiene giovane il cervello, e tiene lontani gli acciacchi legati all'età. La buona notizia per i poliglotti arriva dai ricercatori della Tel Aviv University (Israele), secondo i quali doversi districare tra diversi idiomi protegge la mente dall'invecchiamento. Il team di Gitit Kavé, neuropsicologa dell'Herczeg Institute on Aging dell'ateneo israeliano, ha scoperto infatti che gli anziani che parlano più lingue ottengono i risultati migliori ai test sulla funzionalità cognitiva, come si legge su 'Psychology and Aging'. "Non c'è un elisir miracle to ward off the infirmities of age - the researcher warns - but use a second or third language may help prolong the good years, those in which the mind works with speed and sharpness. It seems that a multilingual with the passing of spring, is more polished and ready than their peers who know one language. The different languages \u200b\u200bcan create new connections in the brain, thus contributing to the health of the mind. The research was based on studies conducted since 1989 on a group of people between 75 and 95 years. The researchers investigated the knowledge and the habit of speaking different languages \u200b\u200b(two to three more), then subjecting the elderly in a series of cognitive tests. Well, the result non lascia dubbi. Più lingue si conoscono e si parlano, migliore è lo stato di cognitivo di una persona. "A regalare una mente pronta e lucida in tarda età contribuisce anche il grado di istruzione di un individuo", avvertono gli studiosi. Ma sembra che il numero di lingue parlate abbia un effetto benefico a sé. Insomma, avere un cervello giovane è una questione di parole, non solo di diploma o laurea. "Abbiamo scoperto che il fatto di sapersi esprimere in più lingue è correlato in modo più significativo allo stato cognitivo proprio negli anziani che non hanno studiato affatto", precisa la Kavé. A questo punto, evidenzia la studiosa, occorre interrogarsi sul legame tra le diverse lingue e la giovinezza prolungata della mente. They are the first to cause the second, or the fact that he learned several languages \u200b\u200bthat is not the sign of a very acute mind, destined to age more slowly than normal? In any case, concludes the Kave, learn a language in addition to native who is not a good thing. "In my experience the different languages \u200b\u200bare beneficial to all ages: offer a flexibility of thought - he concludes - and a channel more to understand other cultures better."

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Alcol: lo studio, scritta nei geni l'eta' dei primi drink

The age at which you start with the first drink is written in the genes. Or rather, it's our DNA to have its say on when you start drinking, while the social environment influences the amount Alcohol and send it down. The evidence comes from a study of twins, developed by scientists of the University of Nijmegen (Netherlands). The Dutch researchers have monitored the behavior of 694 pairs of twins, both male and female, between 12 and 15 years. A portion of the sample was composed of identical twins, homozygous, heterozygous by another. To separate the genetic influence on environmental and social development, the researchers analyzed the date on which each teenager has started drinking alcohol and the frequency. From the data of the study, which will be published in June in the journal 'Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research', it was found that genes are the main factor affecting up when you start drinking. In particular, DNA is critical for 83% of males and 70% of females. While the environmental and social factors are responsible for the frequency with which 82% of teenagers drink alcohol. "People often think that the age of first drink is essentially linked to social factors, but it is not - said Evelien Poelen, who coordinated the project - This study shows that genetic factors are involved in starting early. For parents is therefore important not to 'encourage' these genes, preventing their children's early approach to alcohol, even in the absence of dangerous environmental situations. "

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Ictus: colpisce italiani sempre piu' giovani, sotto accusa ecstasy e cocaina

Stroke? It is not just 'old stuff'. In Italy the incidence rises dramatically of this terrible attack among young people, with as many as 10,400 people affected even before shutting down the 55 candles. Of these, 4200 have even less than 45 years. And things are bound to worsen with the passing of years. Accused end drug abuse, which is widespread among young Italians. In particular, stimulants such as cocaine, amphetamine and ecstasy. "So those drugs that are commonly set on Saturday night," says Danilo Toni, president of the Italian stroke. On the sidelines of a presentation today in Rome's Ninth National Day against stroke, the expert there must nevertheless be stated that the basis of stroke youth "are mainly genetic causes and Carotid and vertebral artery dissection caused by trauma or repetitive microtrauma to the neck. "But the exciting drugs end up on the dock, and, in addition to the general aging of the population, their abuse is one of the causes likely to increase, in coming years, the number of people affected by stroke. It 's a bolt from the blue that disrupts the lives of 200 thousand Italians year. And' the stroke, a silent killer that kills each year in our country 70 000 people, while 50 000 others remain with severe disability that deprives them of their independence. They are over 900 thousand Italians in the course of their lives have been affected by a stroke. Of those, many will bear the mark, indelebile nel corpo oltre che nella memoria. Per mettere in guardia gli italiani da questo nemico giurato della salute, martedì prossimo partirà la settimana nazionale contro l'ictus cerebrale, presentata oggi a Roma in una conferenza stampa presso il Policlinico capitolino Umberto I. Dal 13 al 18 maggio prossimi, sono previste visite gratuite nei principali ospedali della Penisola con screening del rischio ictus, controllo della pressione arteriosa e calcolo del rischio cardiovascolare. Non solo. La campagna, promossa dalla Federazione Alice Italia onlus, porterà nelle piazze di numerose città appositi stand, dove medici e volontari forniranno consigli e indicazioni su come comportarsi in caso di 'emergenza ictus', un temibile imprevisto che, oltre to disrupt the lives of those affected, weighing heavily on the banks of the NHS. In Italy, in fact, stroke accounts for approximately € 3.70 billion a year in direct costs alone, nearly 4% to total health of our country.

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Anticancro under 40

Umberto Veronesi
The great evil strikes at any age. And increase in cases among young adults. But by preventing the battle can be won. Starting early to make checks. Moving away from smoke and grease. And vaccination against HPV. The famous doctor explains how to save the life .

A school was more about science, but I also really liked the Italian. With great interest per le regole della linguistica, e con la curiosità di rintracciare le radici delle parole, che a volte sembrano montate secondo le modalità di un semplicissimo puzzle. Prevenzione, ad esempio, è l'atto, l'effetto del pre-venire. E prevenire ha due significati: precedere qualcuno o qualcosa arrivando prima; e provvedere in anticipo, cercando di evitare qualcosa. L'Associazione italiana per la ricerca sul cancro dedica la sua giornata dell'11 maggio all'urgenza di anticipare i tempi della prevenzione, che colpisce ormai molto anche i giovani adulti. Per loro, per le giovani donne che si ammalano di tumore del seno o per le adolescenti che devono scegliere se vaccinarsi contro il tumore della cervice, mi sembra particolarmente urgente e importante emphasize that to get "before" of the tumor, avoided, thanks to healthy lifestyles, or hit with early diagnosis, it means to work on time. Fortunately, except for rare cases of fulminant cancer, time is in favor of prevention, because cancer usually takes a long time to develop. I have called "the long night of cancer," with the intent to draw attention to the fact that this very long incubation puts us in a position to do prevention. Even for the giovani.In substance, tumor proliferation is a multistep process that can last a lifetime. The cell growth may, initially, not to exceed what we call the "immune surveillance": the defenses of our body identify and eliminate cancer cells. They are little miracles that continue to be silent in our body, of which we are not aware of which no trace remains. What went well, in fact. In other cases, the cellular DNA, nicked by carcinogens, undergoes a change that is neither fixed nor blocked, and cells respond to proliferative stimuli begin to multiply excessively. It is a process that lasts for years: five, ten, twenty, even more. What all this time?
is the question that cancer research is trying to answer. The main steps are six. One, oncogene activation. Two, no activation of the gene deletion deputy to the oncogene. Three, the beginning of the multiplication of cancer cells. Four, the growth of new blood vessels feeding the tumor to Members. Five, the disappearance of the normal mechanism of cell death program that balance: in essence, cancer cells are eternizzano, and decades it has been discovered in the laboratory on cultured cells. Finally, the sixth step, the last one: in the progression of the cancer cells have acquired their typical biological characteristics, including invasive trend, the ability to establish settlements at a distance. So here is the metastasis.
is the sequence of a bad movie, a movie that puts the shivers. But not a script is required, it is not inevitable. Just the "long night of cancer," that is the long latency period, allows us to play on time to beat the disease. We are moving towards the possibility of ever earlier diagnosis, and probably within ten or twenty years we will pass over a detector that can detect tumors in the body of a single cell, which will be easy to destroy. Meanwhile (and this is where drugs come into play more targeted and more effective) we are trying to identify more accurately the boundary between the reversible stage of tumor and the point of no return in the path that leads to healthy cell or the aggregate of cells to turn into a mass of cellule maligne in progressivo accrescimento. Ma giocare sul tempo ha anche un'altra valenza, importantissima. Significa, in buona sostanza, che la prevenzione (sia come stili di vita, sia come semplici e facili controlli di routine per fare diagnosi precoce) va fatta subito, fin da giovani. Bisogna approfittare della "lunga notte del tumore" per batterlo sul tempo, e far sì che non si manifesti. Sappiamo tutti che i giovani si sentono immortali, non vogliono sentir parlare di malattia e di morte, e lo definiscono "gufare", con un parola di gergo giovanile molto espressiva.